How to use chmod codes in UNIX:
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- There are three types of permissions in files and folders in unix
- Read (r)
- Write (w)
- Execute (x)
- And, there is a classification of users called UGO (explained bellow):
- U ~> User (usually, you)
- G ~> Group (eg sudo group)
- O ~> Others
When you run $ ls -l your output will be something like this:
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How to read this?
Where is a letter put a 1 and where is a - put a 0. Examples:
| U | G | O |
|---|---|---|
| r w x | r w x | r w x |
| 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 |
So, user, group and others can read, write and excute the file or folder
| U | G | O |
|---|---|---|
| r w - | r -- | r - x |
| 1 1 0 | 1 0 0 | 1 0 1 |
So, user can read and write, group can only read, finally other can read and execute
As you can see, we can play with these permissions
| U | G | O |
|---|---|---|
| r - x | r w - | - - - |
| 1 0 1 | 1 1 0 | 0 0 0 |
| U | G | O |
| - w x | r - x | - - x |
| 0 1 1 | 1 0 1 | 0 0 1 |
Finally, the codes! (sorry)
| Bin | Decimal | Representation |
|---|---|---|
| 000 | 0 | - - - |
| 001 | 1 | - - x |
| 010 | 2 | - w - |
| 011 | 3 | - w x |
| 100 | 4 | r - - |
| 101 | 5 | r - x |
| 110 | 6 | r w - |
| 111 | 7 | r w x |
The syntax is something like this: $ chmod u/permissions g/permissions o/permissions file[or /dir/]
- So, if I run
$ chmod 777 file<=>rwx rwx rwxeverybody can do anything with file - Or I run
$ chmod 744 dir<=>rwx r-- r--only user can read, write and execute, group and others only read dir. - Or run
$ chmod 200 file2<=>-w- --- ---only you can write file2

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